1.1. Рекомендации по составлению письма личного характера

При написании личного письма необходимо придерживаться следующих правил.

> Не забудьте указать свой адрес в правом верхнем углу в следующем порядке:

• номер дома, название улицы

 город

 страна

Допускается указывать адрес в кратком виде, например:

Moscow

Russia

> Под адресом, пропустив строку, необходимо написать дату письма:

June 7th, 2008

7 June 2008

или менее официально:

07/06/08

> Письмо начинается с неофициального обращения. Представьте, что вы пишете настоящему другу, а знакомых людей обычно называют по имени. Если в задании оно не указано, вам следует его придумать:

Dear Tim,

Dear Rebecca,

После обращения обязательно ставится запятая!

> Разделите текст своего письма на несколько логических абзацев, каждый из которых начните с красной строки.

1. В первом абзаце вам следует поблагодарить своего друга за его письмо:

Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter.

Your last letter was a real surprise.

I was glad to get your letter.

It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that… / I was happy to hear…

Вы можете также извиниться за то, что не писали раньше:

Sorry I haven’t written for so long but …/ Sorry I haven’t been in touch for so long.

I'm sorry I haven't answered earlier but I was really busy with my school.

и/или упомянуть какой-либо факт из полученного письма:

I’m glad you passed your History test!

Sounds like you had a great time in London!

Great news about your…!

2. Основная часть письма (2–3 абзаца). В ней вы должны раскрыть все аспекты, указанные в задании. Не забудьте задать необходимые вопросы.

Предполагается, что письмо должно быть написано в неформальном стиле, поэтому вы можете использовать неформальные слова-связки, такие как well, by the way, anyway, so,разговорные выражения типа Guess what? Или Wish me luck!а также восклицательные знаки.

3. В последнем параграфе следует объяснить, почему вы заканчиваете письмо:

Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework.

Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to helpher with the washing up.

I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show.

и упомянуть о дальнейших контактах:

Write (back) soon!

Take care and keep in touch!

Drop me a letter when you can.

Hope to hear from you soon.

I can’t wait to hear from you!

> В конце письма на отдельной строке указывается завершающая фраза-клише, которая зависит от близости автора и адресата. После нее всегда ставится запятая! Ниже приводятся пять возможных ее вариантов от наименее формального (1) к более формальному (7):

1) Love,

2) Lots of love,

3) All my love,

4) All the best,

5) Best wishes,

6) With best wishes,

7) Yours,

> На следующей строке под завершающей фразой указывается имя автора (без фамилии!). Например:

Andrew или Kate

Таким образом, письмо к другу имеет следующий вид:

^{Образец письма личного характера}

Task 1. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Steve who writes

…At school we are doing projects on reading habits of people in different countries. Could you tell me what kind of books you and the members of your family like reading?

As for the family news, my sister got married last week…

Write a letter to Steve. In your letter

– tell him about the kind of books you and your relatives like to read

– ask 3 questions about his sister’s husband Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

23 Lenskaya Street

Moscow

Russia

November 10th, 2008

Dear Steve,

Thanks a lot for your letter. I’m glad your sister got married. How are you getting on with her husband? Is he a student? What kind of music does he enjoy?

In your letter you asked me about the reading habits in my family. Well, my father often reads newspapers and magazines. He thinks that it is the only way to be in the know of everything. And my mother is keen on reading romances and modern novels. However, she wouldn’t mind reading about the life of well-known people.

As for me, I enjoy reading detective stories because they have interesting story lines and unusual endings. I am particularly captivated by characters who conduct investigations.

Actually, I’d better go now as I’ve got loads of homework to do tonight. Write soon!

All the best,

Ivan

1.2. Схема оценивания письма личного характера

Письменная речь относится к продуктивным видам речевой деятельности и, в первую очередь, оценивается с точки зрения степени выполнения коммуникативной задачи.

Тем не менее до недавнего времени успешность работы учащихся определялась в основном по количеству лексико-грамматических ошибок, и отметка выставлялась без учета выполнения коммуникативной задачи. При этом решение было субъективным: не было ни критериев, ни шкал, позволяющих перейти на субъективно-объективное мнение. В настоящее время такие критерии разработаны. Сейчас наиболее важными из них стали «содержание» и «организация текста», так как именно они показывают, насколько полно решена учащимися коммуникативная задача.

Письмо личного характера оценивается экспертами только по двум параметрам: содержание и полнота выполнения задания (максимально 3 балла) и организация текста (максимально 3 балла). Таким образом, за письмо личного характера учащийся может получить максимально 6 баллов.

Под содержанием и полнотой выполнения задания понимается:

• соответствие теме и ситуации общения, указанной в коммуникативном задании, а также полнота раскрытия темы;

• правильность отбора материала с учетом адресата (что адресат уже знает; о чем его нужно поставить в известность; какая информация не является важной и необходимой в данной ситуации);

• использование определенного стиля речи в соответствии с указанной коммуникативной ситуацией;

• соответствие высказывания заданному объему. Под организацией текста понимается:

• логичность в изложении материала;

• связность текста, которая обеспечивается правильным использованием языковых средств передачи логической связи между отдельными частями текста (союзы, вводные слова, местоимения и т. п.);

• структурирование текста: деление на абзацы, наличие вступления и заключения.

Критерии оценивания письма личного характера

1.3. Задания на составление письма личного характера

Task 1. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary who writes

… It was great to hear that you went to Italy during your spring holidays. I have always wanted to visit this wonderful country. Did you enjoy your journey? What places of interest did you visit? What impressed you most of all? Did you like your hotel?

As for me, I am awfully tired because we’ve got too many tests at school. Can’t wait for the summer break…

Write a letter to Mary. In your letter

– tell her about your journey to Italy

– ask 3 questions about her plans for the summer Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 2. This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

…Do you often have arguments with your parents? I do. My mother thinks that I spend too much time hanging around with my friends. Do you often meet your friends?

What do you usually do together? And what do you do when you disagree with your parents about how you spend your free time?

Write back soon.

Love,

Ann

Write back to Ann. In your letter

– answer her questions

– ask 3 questions about her relations with her younger sister Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 3. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend who writes

…We moved to a new house a few weeks ago and I changed school. At first I was a bit afraid but I made new friends sooner than I expected. The teachers are nice and everything seems to be working out well. And what about you? Have you made any friends in your new school? Do you enjoy studying there? Have you got any new subjects this year?

I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my music lesson. Drop me a line when you can.

Lots of love,

Emily

Write a letter to Emily. In your letter

– answer her questions and tell her about your new school

– ask 3 questions about her preferences in music Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 4. This is part of a letter from Harry, your English pen-friend.

…I’m fine but I’ve got a very busy week ahead. I’m a member of the school team and we are preparing for an important match in the National Championship. Are you fond of football? Do you watch football matches on TV? What other sports do you enjoy?

Well, I’d better go now. I’ve got to do some more training – I don’t want to lose this match.

Take care and write back soon.

Write back to Harry. In your letter

– answer his questions

– ask 3 questions about his preparation for the match Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 5. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend George who writes

…At school we are doing projects on famous singers from different countries. Could you tell me about any famous Russian singer? What is he or she famous for? How long has he/she been singing? Do you enjoy his/ her songs? Have you ever been to his/her concerts?

As for my school trip to London last week, it was really wonderful…

Write a letter to George. In your letter

– tell him about the singer you admire most of all

– ask 3 questions about his trip to London Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 6. This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

…So you see that I enjoy films based on true historic facts whereas most of my friends are fond of soap operas. Do you agree that soaps don’t show life realistically? What kind of films do you like watching? Do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home? Why?

We all miss you, too. Everybody sends their love. Can’t wait to see you in the summer. Write back soon.

All my love,

Tina

Write back to Tina. In your letter

– answer her questions

– ask 3 questions about her family Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 7. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Rob who writes

…and then there’s this chess tournament on Saturday. If I win, I’ll be the champion of our school. Who knows?

Oh, yeah. I wanted to ask you something. We have to write a report on technology for school. Could you tell me a few things about how you use technology in your life? You know, computers, mobiles, TV, that sort of things. Oh, and tell me something about the other members of your family, too, and how they use technology.

Anyway, I was talking to Sam the other day and he says that…

Write back to Rob. In your letter

– answer his questions

– ask 3 questions about playing chess Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 8. This is part of a letter from Jane, your English pen-friend.

…My home town is rather small but I like it. The people here are very friendly and they try and keep our town clean and beautiful. And do you enjoy living in a big city? How do you spend your spare time there?

Anyway, I’m thinking of travelling around Russia next summer. Could you tell me what weather to expect? Should I take warm clothes with me?..

Write a letter to Jane. In your letter

– answer her questions

– ask 3 questions about her home town Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 9. This is part of a letter from your German pen-friend.

…I find it a bit difficult to understand English grammar. What about you? Do you do grammar exercises? Do you think that it’s necessary to remember all grammar rules?

Have you got any plans for the summer? I was thinking of going to a language school in the UK to improve my English. It would be a lot more fun if we went together. What do you think?

Anyway, I have to go now as I’m helping my Dad in the shop.

Hope to hear from you soon.

All the best,

Kerstin

Write back to Kerstin. In your letter

– answer her questions

– ask 3 questions about the trip to the UK Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 10. This is part of a letter from Adam, your English pen-friend, whom you’re going to visit in summer.

…As for me, I’m crazy about skateboarding and I love rock and pop music. I think my favourite band at the moment is Radiohead. Do you know them? What kind of things do you like doing and what music do you enjoy?

Is there anything you particularly want to do while you’re here? I guess you’ll be busy at the language school during the day, but we can do something in the evenings and at weekends. Also, let me know if there are any kinds of food you don’t like…

Write back to Adam. In your letter

– answer his questions

– ask 3 questions about his family and the language school Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 11. You have received a letter from your English pen-friend Mary who writes

…In your previous letter you told me that you had joined your school Literature Club. I wonder what you do at your club meetings. Can I help you in any way?

As for me, I enjoy reading very much and I would be really interested to know about famous Russian writers. Who is your favourite writer at the moment? Have you got enough time for reading?..

Write a letter to Mary. In your letter

– answer her questions and tell her about your Literature Club

– ask 3 questions about her reading preferences Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

Task 12. This is part of a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend.

…I’ve always wanted to visit Moscow so it’ll be great to spend a week at your place. Any ideas as to what we might do? Should I bring any special clothes? Do let me know if there is anything I can get you from England?

Write back soon.

All the best,

Gloria

Write back to Gloria. In your letter

– answer her questions

– ask 3 questions about her eating habits. Write 100–140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.