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Writ as a simplified form of civil procedure. Writ of executionModernLib.Net / Юриспруденция / Елизавета Камзина / Writ as a simplified form of civil procedure. Writ of execution - Чтение (Ознакомительный отрывок) (стр. 3)
Terms of collecting child support in the form of an order (paragraph 4 of Art. 122 Code of Civil Procedure Code): – alimony under court order may be recovered only for minor children; – claim for alimony should not be associated with the establishment of paternity, paternity (maternity), as well as the need to involve in the process of other stakeholders. Since the court order shall be made only if the claim for alimony for minors, it is only a minor child may be a party to the proceedings. In defense of the interests of his application for a writ is served: – parent with whom the child is abandoned; – trustee or guardian of the child; – body of trusteeship and guardianship; – the prosecutor. Code of Civil Procedure Code does not contain instructions on what documents are necessary to make the applicant when applying for alimony in the form of an order. In this situation, you can rely on the rules of the Decree of February 20, 1985, and require the applicant to the application the following documents: – duly certified copy of marriage certificate (a copy of the certificate of divorce if the marriage dissolved); – duly certified copy of birth certificate of the child for whom child support collected; – the instrument of appointment of a guardian or guardian of a minor, if the application is a guardian or trustee; – a certificate from the employer of the person obliged to pay alimony, the amount of wages and the presence or absence of a lien on other writs; – a certificate of finding the children dependent on the applicant. Litigation on the Application of the Decree of 20 February 1985 shows that child support under the simplified procedure may be levied on the basis of evidence of paternity. According to the В.И. Решетняк, presented to the court documents must accurately and indisputably confirm the following facts: – the debtor to which the recovered stated requirement is bound to contain a minor child. Such persons include his parents, adoptive parents, and in failing to obtain content from their parents – adult brothers and sisters, grandparents; – the child for whom child support collected is a minor; – a statement to the court to grant a writ filed with the proper person (legal representative of the child, the guardianship and custody, the prosecutor); – place of employment and income of the person obliged to pay alimony for the child; – the lack of interested parties, which are made in favor of keeping with the debtor[44]. According to the norms of the Family Code, child support for minor children may be levied by the court in three forms: – on a monthly basis as a proportion of earnings and (or) any other income of the parents (Article 81); – a fixed sum (Art. 83); – at the same time in fractions of a fixed amount (Article 83). The procedure for determining the amount of maintenance as a fraction of the earnings or income is the primary payer and applies in all cases, unless the court finds it necessary to make maintenance payments in hard currency. Size fractions are defined as follows: one child – one quarter, two children – one third in three or more children – half of the earnings or other income of the parents. On the basis of a court order cannot be collected child support for minor children as a fixed sum, as the solution to this problem involves the need to verify the presence or absence of circumstances which the law associates with the possibility of such sanctions. For the recovery of maintenance for minor children as a fixed sum in accordance with Art. 83 SC Code should take place the following circumstances: the absence of parental agreement on the payment of child support for minor children, irregular, changing earnings and (or) other income parents who receive income is fully or partly in kind or in foreign currency, or lack of income, as well as other cases if the recovery of maintenance in the share of the earnings and (or) other income of the parent is not possible, difficult or substantially violate the interests of the parties. The size of a fixed cash amount determined by the court on the basis of the maximum possible preservation of its previous level of child support, taking into account the financial and marital status of the parties and other relevant circumstances. In determining all of these circumstances, the court may face obstacles that cannot be overcome without additional material on the case without trial. This was the reason that the Plenum of the Supreme Court in the Resolution № 9 dated October 25, 1996 «On application by the courts of the Family Code in proceedings to establish paternity and collecting child support» pointed out that the maintenance for minor children as a fixed sum cannot recoverable under a court order, the judge should refuse to grant the order, and to clarify the applicant's right to sue for the same claim. In cases where the judge is not grounds for an application for a court order (for example, if the defendant does not agree with the stated requirement, if the stated requirements for alimony to adult disabled children or other family members or other family members, if the debtor pays child support for court on other persons, or their payments are made to other executive documents), the judge refused to issue an order and explain the applicant's right to sue for the same claim (§ 11 Ruling of the Plenum of the Supreme Court on October 25, 1996). 2.5. Claim about the recovery of arrears of mandatory contributions Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation took the case on recovery of tax arrears to the writ proceedings (paragraph 6 of Article. 122)[45]. Application for issuance of a writ to recover debts from citizens for taxes, fees and other mandatory payments presented to the tax authorities. If the debtor declares an objection to the issuance of the order, the case will be treated according to the rules of claim process[46]. However, according to Art. 48 of the Tax Code in the event of default by the taxpayer – a natural person who is not a private entrepreneur in due time the obligation to pay tax authorities (customs authorities) may apply to court to collect taxes from the property, including cash balances with the Bank and cash, the taxpayer within the amounts specified in the request for payment of tax. Thus, in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation tax authorities filed a lawsuit against the debtor. The Code does not provide for filing the tax authorities the application for an injunction in connection with which this provision is not actually valid. It seems that it is necessary to make the Tax Code accordingly. In any case, taking the statement, the judge must check the following circumstances: if the law provided for this type of payment, whether there are legitimate reasons for citizen involvement to this payment, whether the agency complied with penalties prescribed by law for public involvement for payment; taken into account by a penalty benefits if the law has the right to them. 2.6. Claim about the recovery of wages Delayed payment of wages was the disease that undermines healthy labor relations. The reasons for this disease are many, but one of them – not the speed existed a general claim about permission essentially undisputed cases and delays in connection with the real protection of the rights of workers and employees[47]. Ability to collect the debt accrued, but unpaid wages in the order of writ of production, of course, does not allow all the problems associated with delays in salary payments. However, in cases where the forgone opportunity to claim money from the employer's real, writ proceedings because of its simplicity, more preferably, rather than a suit. Referring to the court to grant the injunction, claimant must submit documents proving undeniably outstanding employer. These may include: – a certificate issued by the employer and confirming that the debt to the employee, as well as indicating the size of the debt; – a copy of the employment agreement between employer and employee; – for employees who are paid piece rates, so the document can serve as a design book, which is kept by the employee and the administration of the enterprise is to record the payroll for the markers of change in working conditions. According to Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation to the payment of wages the employer shall notify in writing to the employee about the constituent parts of the wages owed him for the new appropriate IRS, the amount of deductions made by the major, as well as the total cash sums to be paid. Issued to the employee a written notice is usually referred to as the «settlement sheet». Form approved by the employer, taking into account the views of the representative body of employees (Part 2 of Art. 136 Labor Code). That this document should have the magistrate in deciding whether to grant the injunction. The employee is, whose rights have been violated is not payment of wages, as a rule, cannot recover from the employer's calculation of the accrued but not paid his wages (employers simply ignore such requests of the employee). Without this calculation, the appeal to the court to grant the injunction is meaningless. Indeed, in failing to provide the court payroll, issued by the employer, the employee has to ask the court to ask for help in gathering evidence. And such a request is associated with the need to have recourse to the courts in the manner of action proceedings[48]. The prosecutor of authority may recover from the debtor (in this case – the employer) «settlement sheet», confirm the amount of accrued but not paid to the employee's salary, which you can then apply to the court to grant the injunction. Under the gross wage refers to the payment holiday, severance payments and other payments for work due to the employee. If the employer breaches of the payment of wages and other payments to the employer is obliged to pay them with interest at a rate of not less than 1/300 operating at this time of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the outstanding loan amount for each day of delay from the day after the due date of payment the day of actual payment, inclusive. The specific amount of compensation paid or determined by the collective labor contract. These payments must also be credited to the employee and may be recovered in the writ proceedings. 2.7. Claim about the recovery costs Such claims may be brought against the person sought, the debtor, who is wanted by the child or whose property has been in storage. In accordance with Art. 120 CCP RF judge must issue a ruling declaring the defendant only by tracing the requirements to protect the interests of the Russian Federation, the RF subjects and municipalities, as well as for claims for alimony, compensation for harm caused injury, other health impairment, or the death of a breadwinner. At the same search performed by the budget. In other cases, the plaintiff wanted the defendant made at his expense, and further costs are recovered from the losing party. List of requirements on which the writ is issued, is exhaustive and is not subject to broad interpretation. Despite this, the broad interpretation of the requirements of the list still has a place in the jurisprudence. Thus, М.А. Черемин mentions that there are cases where court orders were issued on an application for recovery of arrears of child benefits and the application for the recovery of severance pay, which cannot be attributed to wages. According to М.А. Черемин, the fact that a judge is ordered according to the requirements not provided for by law «should signal the legislator and the science of civil procedural law of the need to raise the issue of additions to the list»[49]. Self М.А. Черемин offered to complete the list of requirements on which the writ shall be made to include a claim for damages in favor of the individual, if the earlier decision was made on the suit to protect the rights of an indefinite number of persons, as well as the above requirements to collect severance pay and child benefits. Примечания 1 Гоббс Т. Левиафан, или материя, форма и власть государства церковного и гражданского Т.2. М.: Мысль. 1991. С.86. 2 Дождев Д.В. Римское частное право. М. 2002. С. 379. 3 Покровский И.А. История римского права. Минск. 2002. С. 148. 4 Новицкий И.Б. Римское частное право М. 1994. С. 61. 5 Черемин М.А. Приказное производство в российском гражданском процессе. – М.: ООО «Городец-издат». 2001. С. 14. 6 Черемин М.А. Приказное производство в российском гражданском процессе. – М.: ООО «Городец-издат». 2001. С. 15. 7 Грибанов Ю. Немецкая модель организации приказного производства // Право и экономика. 2006. № 10. С. 117. 8 Черемин М.А. Приказное производство в российском гражданском процессе. – М.: ООО «Городец-издат». 2001. С. 79. 9 Решетняк В.И., Черных И.И. Заочное производство и судебный приказ в гражданском процессе. – М.: Юридическое бюро «Городец», 1997. С. 49. 10 Черемин М.А. Приказное производство в российском гражданском процессе. – М.: ООО «Городец-издат». 2001. С. 29. 11 Масленникова Н.И. Судебный приказ // Российский юридический журнал. 1996. № 3. С. 39. 12 Решетняк В.И., Черных И.И. Заочное производство и судебный приказ в гражданском процессе. – М.: Юридическое бюро «Городец». 1997. С. 45. 13 Ведомости Верховного Совета РСФСР. 1985. № 9 С. 46. 14 Черемин М.А. Приказное производство в российском гражданском процессе. – М.: ООО «Городец-издат». 2001. С. 50. 15 Треушников М.К. 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