Shaw, Arnold, Honkers and Shouters. New York: Collier Books, 1978.

Shapiro, Nat, and Hentoff, Nat, Hear Me Talkin' to Ya. New York: Dover, 1955.

Smith, Willie «the Lion», with George Hoefer, Music on My Mind. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1964.

Stearns, Marshall, The Story of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Sylvester, Robert, No Cover Charge. New York: Dial Press, 1956.

Travis, Dempsey J., Black Jazz. Chicago: Urban Research Institute, 1983.

Ulanov, Barry, Duke Ellington. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.

Williams, Martin, ed., The Art of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Williams, Martin, ed., Jazz Masters of the Thirties. New York: Macmillan, 1972.

Williamson, Joel, The Crucible of Race. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Wilder, Alec, American Popular Song. New York: Oxford, 1972.